Archive for the ‘Informasi’ Category
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Kompos adalah hasil penguraian parsial/tidak lengkap dari campuran bahan-bahan organik yang dapat dipercepat secara artifisial oleh populasi berbagai macam mikroba dalam kondisi lingkungan yang hangat, lembab, dan aerobik atau anaerobik (Modifikasi dari J.H. Crawford, 2003). Sedangkan pengomposan adalah proses dimana bahan organik mengalami penguraian secara biologis, khususnya oleh mikroba-mikroba yang memanfaatkan bahan organik sebagai sumber energi. Membuat kompos adalah mengatur dan mengontrol proses alami tersebut agar kompos dapat terbentuk lebih cepat. Proses ini meliputi membuat campuran bahan yang seimbang, pemberian air yang cukup, mengaturan aerasi, dan penambahan aktivator pengomposan. Sampah terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu bagian organik dan anorganik. Rata-rata persentase bahan organik sampah mencapai ±80%, sehingga pengomposan merupakan alternatif penanganan yang sesuai. Kompos sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan mengingat semakin tingginya jumlah sampah organik yang dibuang ke tempat pembuangan akhir dan menyebabkan terjadinya polusi bau dan lepasnya gas metana ke udara. DKI Jakarta menghasilkan 6000 ton sampah setiap harinya, di mana sekitar 65%-nya adalah sampah organik. Dan dari jumlah tersebut, 1400 ton dihasilkan oleh seluruh pasar yang ada di Jakarta, di mana 95%-nya adalah sampah organik. Melihat besarnya sampah organik yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat, terlihat potensi untuk mengolah sampah organik menjadi pupuk organik demi kelestarian lingkungan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat |
A farmer is a person, engaged in agriculture, who raises living organisms for food or raw materials, generally including livestock husbandry and growing crops such as produce and grain. A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a labourer on land owned by others; but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are farm workers, farmhands, etc. Definition More distinct terms are commonly used to denote farmers who raise specific domesticated animals. For example, those who raise grazing livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses, are known as ranchers (U.S.), graziers (Australia & U.K.), or simply stockmen. Sheep, goat, and cattle farmers might be also be referred to respectively as shepherds, goatherds, and cowherds. The term dairy farmer is applied to those engaged primarily in milk production, whether from cattle, goats, sheep, or other milk producing animals. A poultry farmer is one who concentrates on raising chickens, turkeys, ducks or geese, for either meat, egg, or feather production, or commonly, all three. A person who raises a variety of vegetables for market may be called a truck farmer or market gardener. Dirt farmer is an American colloquial term for a practical farmer, or one who farms his own land.[2] In the context of developing nations or other pre-industrial cultures, most farmers practice a meager subsistence agriculture—a simple organic farming system employing crop rotation, seed saving, slash and burn or other techniques to maximize efficiency while meeting the needs of the household or community. In developed nations however, a person using such techniques on small patches of land might be called a gardener and be considered a hobbyist. Alternatively, one may be driven into such practices by poverty or, ironically—against the background of large-scale agribusiness–may become an organic farmer growing for discerning consumers in the local food market. Historically, one subsisting in this way may have been known as a peasant. In developed nations, a farmer (as a profession) is usually defined as someone with an ownership interest in crops or livestock, and who provides land or management in their production. Those who provide only labor are most often called farmhands. Alternatively, growers who manage farmland for an absentee landowner, sharing the harvest (or its profits) are known as sharecroppers or sharefarmers. In the context of agribusiness, a farmer is defined broadly, and thus many individuals not necessarily engaged in full-time farming can nonetheless legally qualify under agricultural policy for various subsidies, incentives, and tax deductions. Farmers are often members of local, regional or national farmers’ unions or agricultural producers’ organizations and can exert significant political influence. The Grange movement in the United States was effective in advancing farmers’ agendas, especially against railroad and agribusiness interests early in the 20th century . The FNSEA is very politically active in France, especially pertaining to genetically modified food. Agricultural producers, both small and large, are represented globally by the International Federation of Agriculture Producers (IFAP), representing over 600 million farmers through 120 national farmers’ unions in 79 countries. |
The term Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) can refer to any collection of specific methods, which when applied to agriculture, produce results that are in harmony with the values of the proponents of those practices. There are numerous competing definitions of what methods constitute “Good Agricultural Practices”, so whether a practice can be considered “good” will depend on the standards you are applying. The remainder of this article describes one particular definition of “Good Agricultural Practices” as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. |



